How sedentary lifestyle affect identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How stationary way of life influence personality - Essay Example At this point, everyone should realize the wellbeing impacts of idleness, nearly as harming to the warm blooded animal body as cigarette smoking and pets are similarly as helpless. The earth is unquestionably getting heavier in light of the fact that stoutness is a pestilence in the created nations. New instances of grown-up beginning Diabetes (otherwise called Type II Diabetes) are developing at a cosmic rate in the West, where 350 million individuals presently have the ailment and in excess of 3,000,000 individuals surrender every year. Amazingly enough, more youngsters are getting this variant of Diabetes, which at one time was incredibly uncommon in those under eighteen. Likewise, coronary illness (respiratory failures) and hypertension developing into crippling or lethal strokes are increasingly basic in the stable individual. Numerous works have accused the stationary way of life for the innovation age and the facts confirm that a lot more individuals hold an office-type work i n 2012 then the masses did in the 1960’s. Be that as it may, the normal Western grown-up just works forty hours per week, under 25% of the 168-hour week. The other seventy-two hours (in the wake of deducting fifty-six hours for rest) lead to inactive difficulty. The child playing computer games for a considerable length of time, the family viewing the most recent DVD, grown-ups and kids the same stuck to the home PC shopping and getting up to speed with Facebook, Twitter, and so on are all inertia warnings that character change is famous. . To increase the issue, a horde of unfortunate food decisions are accessible, potato chips, burritos, treats among others, with more things created constantly. Diet and exercise are the two answers for dormancy. Solid, home-prepared suppers with less eating out, particularly at drive-through eateries, can have a tremendous effect in a person’s weight and wellbeing, and sentiments of character. Rather than father and child watching fo otball all Sunday evening, they could go out in the lawn and have a round of catch. The entire family could take an energetic stroll in the recreation center and as opposed to driving around the shopping center attempting to get a parking spot close to the passageway, it would be greatly improved to stop in the under locales and stroll to the entryway. Cultivating, housework, strolling the pooch (it needs the exercise additionally) and even sex are magnificent regular gadgets in which one would get work out. Is it pouring? The latent individual could have a go at strolling all over the steps a couple of times. New York Times reporter Michael Pollan has composed a few flippant books regarding the matter of food, most prominently The Omnivore's Dilemma: a Natural History of Four Meals. Pollan stresses that he basically concurs with the Government in their evaluation that shoddy nourishment and other prepared food sources are bad for the human body. He additionally recognizes that supp osed â€Å"organic† food isn't that any longer, what began as a smart thought immediately turned no better than non-natural groceries. What's more, current transportation and capacity techniques, bringing local nourishments, for example, Cajun across the country, are not really for the advancement of mankind. While suggesting more plant matter, he focuses on that people should turn into a general public of tracker finders, as they were under 150 years back. Pollan in the section â€Å"The purchaser a republic of fat† talks expressly on the inactive way of life and strangely accuses it incompletely for the overabundance of corn delivered in North America. Americans don’t every that much corn so the abundance brought about the enormous liquor producing in the 1800’s, which is as yet being utilized today (Pollan). Likewise high

Knowledge is nothing more than the systematic organisation of facts Essay - 1

Information is just the efficient association of realities. Examine this announcement comparable to two subject matters - Essay Example This was old style meaning of information which was eventually embraced yet at first was depicted by Plato. Some grip of knowledge’s relationship to data is required by a comprehension of information. The distinction among information and data has for some time been the training in ordinary language (Daniel, 2006, pp. 36).â€Å"Knowledge is simply the efficient association of facts† is the principle topic of this exposition. This article will examine this announcement comparable to two subject matters, for example history and morals. Besides, it will research the methods of knowing and the two subject matters. The potential information issues, the kind of genuine circumstances which can be drawn out and the difficulties and troubles will likewise be tended to by this article. The naming and division of the information we forces are alluded to as the subject matters. Eight distinct subject matters are distinguished by the TOK course. Morals and History are the two subject matters, which I will consider. The investigation of how to live our lives ethically or the ethical way of thinking is alluded to as morals. Morals is a part of information which is worried about good standards. The issue of good issues is a case of a key region of conversation in morals. Direct is affected or administered by these ethical standards. The investigation of ethics is alluded to as morals. Since morals depends on the brain of an individual, along these lines, information might be invalidated by the possibility of morals. Morals might be founded on convictions or religion or might be raised through our own understanding. So as to list things as realities, there may not be a composed recipe booklet of morals. Since morals is made and identified with the time we live now, in this manner, it isn't exceptionally identified with the past. A subject matter that reviews the recorded past is alluded to as history. Comprehension of human conduct can be extended through investigation

Exciting potential UROP the cancer genome

Exciting potential UROP the cancer genome Great front page article in todays New York Times on the proposed Human Cancer Genome Project: The proposed Human Cancer Genome Project, as it is being called for now, would be greater in scale than the Human Genome Project, which mapped the human genetic blueprint. It would seek to determine the DNA sequence of thousands of tumor samples, looking for mutations that give rise to cancer or sustain it. Proponents say a databank of all such mutations, which would be freely available to researchers, would provide invaluable clues for developing new ways to diagnose, treat and prevent cancer. [] The project, which might end up with a different name, would determine the sequence of the DNA in at least 12,500 tumor samples, 250 samples from each of 50 major types of cancer. By comparing the order of the letters of the genetic code in the tumor samples with one another and with sequences in healthy tissue, it should be possible to pinpoint mutations responsible for cancer. [] The technology available today would not be up to the task of doing this entire project, said Dr. [Eric] Lander, who was a leader of the Human Genome Project. But he added, The cost of sequencing is dropping enough that this is no longer unthinkable. So, just as my classmates did research with Prof. Lander (who was my Introductory Biology teacher; you can also choose to take his class) and his group on the Human Genome Project, perhaps your class will be doing UROPs with Lander on the Human Cancer Genome Project

Black Is My Favorite Color by Bernard Malamud - 2450 Words

About the short story The short story Black is My Favorite Color by Bernard Malamud is about Jewish-Black relationships in America similarly to several of his other novels (such as The Assistant, 1957) and short stories. Bernard Malamud (1914-1986) was born in Brooklyn as an offspring of Russian Jewish immigrants. Along with Saul Bellow, Philip Roth and Paul Auster, Malamud is one of the most important Jewish-American writers. Black is My Favorite Color deals with prejudice in general and positive prejudice on the part of a liberal humanist in particular, as well as with difficult relationships between people of different ethnic and social origins. Its also about self-image, self-deception and the way people are perceived by others.†¦show more content†¦Pre-reading activities and assignments Phase 1: Brainstorming What comes to your mind when reading the title Black is My Favorite Color? Distribute cards for students to jot down their associations or write their ideas on the blackboard or flipchart. Students may try to think about connotations linked with color adjectives. They may discover cultural differences and similarities regarding values and feelings associated with black and other colours in their culture and compare proverbs, metaphors and similes: German gelb wie der Neid, rot wie die Liebe, grà ¼n ist die Hoffnung Schwarz wie die Nacht, schwarze Messen,schwarzer Humor, schwarze Magie, kreidebleich (white color compared to chalk) sein (with sickness, shock or Angst) French Black Blanc Beur, la magie noire, lhumour noir, une humeur noire , se faire des idà ©es noires, une messe noire, un film noir, un jour noir, le jeudi noir, etc bleu: avoir une peur bleue, lheure bleue, à ªtre bleu de froid, de peur, Tu me prends pour un bleu! English black humour, black market, a black-and-white situation, black mood, Black Friday blue: to feel (lonely ) and blue; I have got the blues Characterize the type of music called the blues. Phase 2:Show MoreRelatedBlack Is My Favorite Color by Bernard Malamud2463 Words   |  10 PagesAbout the short story The short story Black is My Favorite Color by Bernard Malamud is about Jewish-Black relationships in America similarly to several of his other novels (such as The Assistant, 1957) and short stories. Bernard Malamud (1914-1986) was born in Brooklyn as an offspring of Russian Jewish immigrants. Along with Saul Bellow, Philip Roth and Paul Auster, Malamud is one of the most important Jewish-American writers. Black is My Favorite Color deals with prejudice in general and positiveRead MoreA Jew Of Gentiles By Mark Twain4267 Words   |  18 Pagesaudiences to see the Jews as one of two opposites: heroic survivors or the emotionally debilitated. Both disregard the raw emotion of the Jewish culture, that which Bernard Malamud would later prove universal. Furthermore, the critical tendency to categorize twentieth-century American authors by ethnically-oriented labels has done Malamud a great injustice, as the restrictive â€Å"Jewish writer† label causes audiences to read his works from a narrow outlook by the nature of the appellation. Admittedly,

Symbolism in the Color Purple by Alice Walker Essay

Symbolism is one of the major elements in The Color Purple by Alice Walker. The womans search for something she has never experienced is the symbolization of the mankinds search for love and happiness. The meaning of names, occupations, power, pants, cloth, words, eyes, frogs, starts, shell, stamps are only few examples of the symbols used by the author and are very important in understanding not only the characters of the story, but also global values such as love, power, mutual understanding, and authority over another persons life. The purple color itself symbolizes love in the story. When Celie is shopping for the first time in her life for new clothes, she wants to get something purple. However, she cannot find any†¦show more content†¦Sex is something Sofia is able to control and it empowered her to fight Harpo when he tried to reduce her to the status of an object. Even the names of the characters are symbolic. It seems that the usage of names is the authors favorite way to identify how much power one character has over another. Celie is unable to call Mr.em_/emem_ by his first name and lacks any power over him . The power of names is most vividly described in the relationships of Harpo and Squeak. As long as Squeak is called so, she is powerless to defend herself. Celie notices that Squeak is much like herself in actions and obeying. However, after being raped, Squeak points to Harpo that her name is Mary Agnes and demanding to be called so she asserts herself as an independent person demanding respect . The occupations of characters also have symbolic meaning and represent not only the social status of each person but also the strength of the individuals. Sophia becomes a servant and is subjected to the status that Harpo has fought with her to achieve. She is the symbol of the indecisiveness which needs to be fought against. Shug is independent because she works for herself. She represents a confidence in life and is a strong individual . The similar independence is offered to Mary Agnes when she becomes a singer like Shug. Marys decision is a symbol of ability to change ones own life and reach someShow MoreRelatedLiterary Elements of The Color Purple Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesAlice Walker may seem the usual type of author that is ordinary in her writing. Actually, she is not. She uses a different method to make us feel the suspense of the story with vivid details. You only live life once so why not take advantage of it? In The Color Purple, Celie’s life is the co ntrary. You may ask why, but there are people out there who are afraid to speak up. Alice Walker seemed to portray this novel very well making it seem realistic. The tone Walker used in the novel seemed confessionalRead MoreLiterary Analysis: The Color Purple Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1960s. In her renowned book The Color Purple, Alice Walker narrates the journey of an African American woman, Celie Johnson (Harris), who experiences racism, sexism, and enduring hardships throughout the course of her life; nonetheless, through the help of friends and family, she is able to overcome her obstacles and grow into a stronger, more self-assured individual. While there are numerous themes transpiring throughout the course of the novel, the symbolism is one of the strongest prospectsRead MoreColors And Independence In Alice Walkers The Color Purple1555 Words   |  7 Pages Alice Walker’s masterpiece, The Color Purple, uses ordinary things such as clothes, colors, jobs, and money as strong symbolism. In this book, pants symbolize independence. Pants change the way society views and treats a person. They also convey that a person is strong, confident, free, and equal to others. Alice Walker shows the reader how wearing pants can have a big effect on a person’s life, especially if that person is a woman in the early twentieth century. From the beginning of time to lessRead MoreThe Meaning Of Heritage In The Color Purple By Alice Walker771 Words   |  4 Pages1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, Alice Walker grew up as the youngest sibling in a poor family. As a Civil Rights activist, Walker fought for the equality of all African-Americans. She is best known for her novel The Color Purple which was published in 1982. In 1973, she released the story collection In Love and Trouble which included the short story â€Å"Everyday Use.† Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† displays the theme of the meaning of heritage through irony and symbolism. Walker uses irony, which resultsRead MoreAmayrani Lopez. Mr. Sahr. Honors American Literature. 21199 Words   |  5 PagesAmayrani Lopez Mr. Sahr Honors American Literature 2 March 2017 The Color Purple Background Information Alice Walker, the author, was born on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She was the youngest daughter of sharecroppers and grew up poor. When Walker was eight years old, she was shot in the right eye with a BB pellet while playing with two of her brothers. After she got shot in the eye, a whitish scar tissue formed, and she became self-conscious of this visible mark. She found solace inRead More the color purple Essay examples1243 Words   |  5 Pages Color of Purple is a Novel by Alice Walker, published in 1982. It won a Pulitzer Prize in 1983. A feminist novel about an abused and uneducated black womans struggle for empowerment, the novel was praised for the depth of its female characters and for its eloquent use of black English vernacular. African-American people have had to climb over many obstacles to get to their position today. First, was the selling of their people into slavery. Then, they endured slavery itself, being treated likeRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker 1042 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel, the color purple, Alice Walker said â€Å"A girl is nothing to herself; only to her husband can she become something. What can she become? I asked. Why, she said, the mother of his children. But I am not the mother of anybody’s children, I said, and I am something†, clearly supporting the idea that self-actualization is independent from gender roles. It’s this sense of self-actualization and how it leads to empowerment that the minor characters in the color purple consistently conveyedRead MoreAlice Malsenior6001 Words   |  25 PagesAlice Walker: Peeling an Essence As an African- American novelist, short–story writer, essayist, poet, critic, and editor, Alice Walker’s plethora of literary works examines many aspects of African American life as well as historical issues that are further developed by Walker’s unique point of view. Writers like Alice Walker make it possible to bring words and emotions to voices and events that are often silenced. Far from the traditional image of the artist, she has sought what amounts to aRead MoreAnalysis Of Silko s Yellow Woman And Walker s Everyday Use2041 Words   |  9 Pagesdrawn to traditions of the past. First, I will show how identity is a common factor in both stories and plays such a large role in connecting the main characters and their past traditions. Second, I will illustrate how both stories are linked to symbolism, which will give proof to my claim that they are inherently drawn to their past traditions. Finally, I will show that the use of irony plays a part in both storie s and is another example of being inherently drawn to traditions of the past. LeslieRead MoreFinding Your Voice: an Analysis of the Color Purple1864 Words   |  8 PagesFinding Your Voice: An Analysis of The Color Purple â€Å"Who do you think you is? he say... Look at you. You black, you pore, you ugly, you a woman. Goddam, he say, you nothing at all.† (187) Alice Walker, the author of The Color Purple, focuses on the struggles of a poor and uneducated African American girl, who is verbally, physically and sexually abused by several men in her life. She feels worthless and becomes completely submissive. Her only way to express her feelings is through private

Position of Women in India Free Essays

â€Å"Savitri fought with the God of Death (Yama) and succeeded in getting her husband back to life. Can you find any instance in the scriptures or history where a husband was prepared to do sacrifice for his wife? If the wife is dead, he is ready to have a second marriage. Such unfair things are happening in the world in respect of women. We will write a custom essay sample on Position of Women in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now † -: Sathya Sai (Volume 31, Chapter 14 ‘Glory Of Womanhood’) When we look at the Hindu mythology we see that women are supposed to be treated as Goddesses. One of the most popular festivals of Hindus is the ‘Navratra’ in which Hindus worship Goddess Durga (the worrier goddess), Goddess Lakshmi (the goddess of wealth and prosperity) and Goddess Saraswati (the goddess of Knowledge and Arts). On the last day of this festival, the daughters of the house are worshiped. But still in India we see that our society has grown so favorable towards the males. Hindu’s, even after referring to the daughters as Devi (goddess), expect a widow to jump on the pyre of the husband, a practice known as Sati. Dowry is still date given (even after being criminalized) to the groom at the time of marriage. The Gender imbalance can be traced down to Manusmriti in 200 B. C. which lays down the duties of a woman. â€Å"In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to her sons; a woman must never be independent. † . The Manusmriti were used as a model for the framing of the Dharmashastra, which later became the local laws. Thus we can see the position of women in India today is because of century old traditions and customs. Even though the Constitution of India promotes gender equality through the notion of Equality and secularism providing a framework to treat all its citizens equal and commands that no discrimination should be made on the bases of one’s gender , gender discrimination still exists due to the presence of various personal laws. In recent years, India has witnessed many reforms for example the abolishment of sati and criminalizing sex determination. The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 (HSA) amends and codifies the law relating to intestate succession among Hindus and aims to lay down a uniform law of uccession whereby attempt has been made to ensure equality of inheritance rights between sons and daughters. It applies to all Hindus including Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs’ . The section 6 of the act is as follows: ‘Devolution of interest of coparcenary property. – When a male Hindu dies after the commencement of this Act, having at the time of his death an interest in a Mitakshara coparcenary property, his interest in the property shall devolve by survivorship upon the surviving members of the coparcenary and not in accordance with this Act. Provided that, if the deceased had left him surviving a female relative specified in class 1 of the Schedule or a male relative specified in that class who claims through such female relative, the interest of the deceased in the Mitakshara coparcenary property shall devolve by testamentary or intestate succession, as the case may be, under this Act and not by survivorship. Explanation 1. For the purposes of this section, the interest of a Hindu Mitakshara coparcener shall be deemed to be the share in the property that would have been allotted to him if a partition of the property had taken place immediately before his death, irrespective of whether he was entitled to claim partition or not. Explanation 2. – Nothing contained in the proviso to this section shall be construed as enabling a person who has separated himself from the coparcenary before the death of the deceased or any of his heirs to claim on intestacy a share in the interest referred to therein. For example, F (th e farther who had an interest in the coparcenary property) has two sons A B (who are also the members of the coparcenary) and a daughter D. In such a case on the death of A, D will get only 1/3 share from the share of A in the coparcenary property. While the sons A and B will get 1/3 +1/9 each. But this act remained under controversy as the laws of inheritance gave preference only class I heirs in a joint Hindu family. This included only the male members and excluded women. Due to this women of the family could not inherit the family ancestral property. But even before the amendment took place, in states like Maharashtra, and Karnataka, women were given equal rights. Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 For a very long time female members of the family were not considered a coparcener. The family property was divided only amongst the male members of the family. But then thanks to the feminist movements in India, the law commission of India submitted its 174th report in the year 2000: â€Å"Property Rights of Women: Proposed Reform under the Hindu Law†. In this report it was suggested that female members of the family should be included under the list of coparcenary thus giving them the right to inherit property. As a result of this report and other feminist movements, the Hindu Succession Act was amended and the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 came into force from 9th September 2005 ‘section 6 (l). Devolution of interest in coparcenary property. 1) On and from the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, in a Joint Hindu family governed by the Mitakshara law, the daughter of a coparcener shall,– (a) by birth become a coparcener in her own right the same manner as the son ; (b) have the same rights in the coparcenary property as she would have had if she had been a son; (c) be subject to the same liabilities in respect of the said coparcenary property as that of a son, and any reference to a Hindu Mitakshara coparcener shall be deemed to include a reference to a daughter of a coparcener: Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall affect or invalidate any disposition or alienation including any partition or testamentary disposition of property which had taken place before the 20th day of December, 2004. 2) Any property to which a female Hindu becomes entitled by virtue of subsection (1) shall be held by her with the incidents of coparcenary ownership and shall be regarded, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any other law for the time being in force in, as property capable of being disposed of by her by testamentary disposition. (3) Where a Hindu dies after the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, his interest in the property of a Joint Hindu family governed by the Mitakshara law, shall devolve by testamentary or intestate succession, as the case may be, under this Act and not by survivorship, and the coparcenary property shall be deemed to have been divided as if a partition had taken place and,- a) the daughter is allotted the same share as is allotted to a son (b) the share of the pre-deceased son or a pre-deceased daughter, as they would have got had they been alive at the time of partition, shall be allotted to the surviving child of such pre-deceased son or of such pre-deceased daughter; and (c) the share of the pre-deceased child of a pre-deceased son or of a predeceased daughter, as such child would have got had he or she been alive at the time of the partition, shall be allotted to the child of such pre-deceased child of the pre-deceased so or a pre-deceased daughter, as the case may be. Explanation. — For the purposes of this sub-section, the interest of a Hindu Mitakshara coparcener shall be deemed to be the share in the property that would have been allotted to him if a partition of the property had taken place immediately before his death, irrespective of whether he was entitled to claim partition or not. 4) After the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, no court shall recognize any right to proceed against a son, grandson or great-grandson for the recovery of any debt due from his father, grandfather or great-grandfather solely on the ground of the pious obligation under the Hindu law, of such son, grandson or great-grandson to discharge any such debt: Provided that in the case of any debt contracted before the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, nothing contained in this sub-section shall affect– (a) the right of any creditor to proceed against the son, grandson or great-grandson, as the case may be; or (b) any alienation made in respect of or in satisfaction of, any such debt, and any such right or alienation shall be enforceable under the rule of pious obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as it would have been enforceable as if the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 had not been enacted. Explanation. For the purposes of clause (a), the expression â€Å"son†, â€Å"grandson† or â€Å"great-grandson† shall be deemed to refer to the son, grandson or great-grandson, as the case may be, who was born or adopted prior to the commencement of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005. 5) Nothing contained in this section shall apply to a partition, which has been effected before the 20th day of December 2004. Explanation- For the purposes of this section â€Å"partition† means any partition made by execution of a deed of partition duly registered under the Registration Act, 1908 or partition affected by a decree of a court’ The main objective of this act was to include women in the category of coparcenaries so that even the female members could inherit property under any circumstances which could lead to a situation of where the family property is being divided amongst its members . The author submits that this amendment gave women the right they deserv ed and which had been denied from the very beginning. This amendment also opposes Section 23 of the original act, suggesting omission of the same as it does not permit any female heir to ask for a partition. In the earlier act only a male heir could chose to have a partition. The amendment on the other hand does not interfere with the special rights of those who are members of Hindu coparcenary except to provide rules and certain other regulations for division of interest of a deceased male. The Author also submits that the anomalies which still persist are because of the retention of the core essence of the Mitakshara joint property system. The system believed that making daughter coparceners would affect the share of other Class I female heirs like the deceased’s widow and mother. This would be because the coparcenary’s share would in fact come from the Class I female heirs. Another problem is the fact that coparcenary remains a primary entitlement of the males in the house. By this system the male heir is put before the female heir as this legal set up provides that the male heirs should inherit an additional independent share over and above what they inherit with the female heirs. In the case of a ‘Hindu female dying without a will; her property divides first to her husband’s heirs, then to husband’s father’s heirs and finally only to mother’s heirs; more or less this property of a Hindu female is well kept and maintained within her husband’s hold. ’ . How to cite Position of Women in India, Papers

Contemporary Management for Apple Inc. and Amazon - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theContemporary Management for Apple Inc. and Amazon. Answer: Introduction This essay throws a light on the leadership style of two big multinational companies who have become the market leader in their respective market segment. The multinational companies that will be discussed are Apple Inc. and Amazon. The leaders of both the companies have a different style of management and established different ways of achieving the organizational goals. Leadership has become one of the most important which drives a modern day organization towards success. The two companies operate in the global market and have a culture that is diverse in nature. The two companies function very differently, Tim Cook the current CEO of the company named Apple Inc. follows the democratic form of leadership while Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon follows a leadership style, which is transformative in nature (Giltinane 2013). Even though they have differences in their leadership style, they have produced great results for their respective companies. The next part of the essay will describe the leadership of this two industry giants and its effects on the culture of the organization. Leadership style of Apple Inc. Apple has always followed the autocratic style of leadership during the period of Steve Jobs, which has provided great results for the company. The company had become one of the most profitable organizations under Steve Jobs (Hendriks and Karsten 2014). However, after the demise of the Charismatic leader like Steve Jobs the company has been taken over Tim Cook. Tim Cook has modified the style of leadership followed by Steve jobs and made some changes to nit. Tim Cook has adapted to the democratic style of leadership, which has some practices of the autocratic style of leadership followed by the company. Tim Cook has proven to be very successful and is considered as one of the bet5s leaders in the world (Dumdum, Lowe and Avolio 2013). The stock prices of the company have risen after Cook has taken over from the legend Steve Jobs and has become the first company to capitalize the market to such extent. The democratic form of leadership encourages employees to give inputs. The higher up s tries to provide guidance to the employees by accepting suggestions from them. This helps the employees to feel important as they are being considered an integral part of the company(McCleskey 2014). This style of leadership is highly popular and is being followed by a lot of companies in the market. The organizational structure of the company has been changed and there are no mid level managers. The higher ups and the lower level of managers perform the task performed by the mid level managers. Organizational culture and performance The company has made a remarkable progress and has become one of the major companies in the world. The credit is always been given to Steve Jobs but after his demise the company has made even more progress under the leadership of Tim Cook. Evangelism is one of the main aspects of the corporate culture of the organization where the organization have hired people for the promotion of their product (Vann, Coleman and Simpson 2014). This is one of the most common practices of the company where the employees use word of mouth to promote the products offered by the company. The company is trying to gain the confidence of the consumers and is trying to create a cult. The employees share their belief with the consumers and other people who influence the people take liking for the brand. These practices have helped the company to create a customer base, which is very loyal and has emerged as the market leader in this particular market segment (Sandoval and Apple 2014). The motivational type o f leadership followed by the company has made the employees zealous and dedicated who provide good reviews about the company to the outside world. The inputs of the employees are very important to the company and they are encouraged to speak their mind. The input of each people will help the company to create a business model that is more effective and the company will be able to gain a competitive advantage over the other competitors in the market. This helps the employees to grow and creates a sense of belonging among them. Moreover, this helps to improve the loyalty of the employees, which will act as a positive for the growth of the organization (Richtel and Chen 2014). Thus, the company has been able to create an organizational culture, which nurtures the present employees to improve their skills to become a contributing member in the organization. The company has created a culture which is innovative, fast paced and collaborative which is helping the organization to improve th e operational productivity in the organization. The company is known for its innovation and this innovation has lead the company to the process of path breaking innovation. The organization is culturally diverse in nature and the company makes sure that the needs of the employees are looked and they are provided with benefits (Rogers and Lee 2016). The employees are provided with continuous training, which helps to grow individually and in turn help the organization. Changes in leadership style There is no correct way of leadership and the modern leaders will have to be dynamic in applying the leadership style. The leadership style has to be changed depending on the needs of the organization and that is the sole reason that Tim Cook has kept some of the practices followed by Steve Jobs (Umar 2015). There are such instance here the autocratic leadership style is required and there are some instances where the laissez faire is used to identify the hidden potential within the employees. The leadership that the company can adapt to is the transformative style of leadership. The transformative style of leadership is considered as the leadership for the future and the company can utilize to transform the whole working environment. Various research suggest that the employees are motivated by this kind of leadership style. The company can earn more profit if they adapt some f the features of the transformative type of leadership. Leadership Style of Amazon The company has through a lot of changes when the external and the internal environment of the company is considered. The company believes in the transformative type of leadership, which has helped the organization to expand their e commerce at such a level. Jeff Bezos the founder and the CEO of the organization has implemented tools to improve the internal management of the organization. Bezos believes that it takes to gain growth and it is a gradual process (Stone 2013). The company who is able to identify and determine the needs of the consumers will gain a competitive advantage in the market. Amazon is able to do this perfectly due to the guidance provided by their leader. Bezos is farsighted and is able to predict the changes in the market trends, which has given the company a competitive advantage in the market (Fuller, Galvin and Ashforth 2017). Thus, it can be seen that the company has implemented a transformational type of leadership, which has helped the company become the market leader in this segment. Organizational performance and culture The leadership style of the company is focused on the consumers while the other competitors are focused on the competitors in the market. The strategies of the company are made customer centric, which helps the company to customize the products depending on the needs of the consumers (Furr and Dyer 2014). The company believes in taking risk because the return will be higher when the risk is high. The culture in the organization is very competitive and the employees are evaluated on the basis of their performance. The company has developed immense competition among the employee, which has made the culture as a struggle for survival. The company fires employees who are unable to perform to the level set and the attrition rate in the company is very high (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015.). The average length of stay of an employee in the organization is one year, which shows that it is quite tough to survive in this organization. The progresses of the employees are regularly monitored and th ey are forced to criticize one another for their mistakes. This has generated fear among the employees and the employees are bound to sabotage each other. The organization culture is inhumane and hampers the personal welfare of the employees in the organization. The company uses purposeful Darwinism, which make the employee struggle very badly (Mattone and Vaidya 2016). Amazon has been able to make this type of management work but there are many companies who have failed. There are some companies who have changed their leadership style because it is against the moral code of ethics. The company has divided the employees in three categories, which included the high performers, average performers and the underperformers. The employees who are exceptional performers are highly rewarded while the average performers are allowed to keep their jobs (Kelloway et al. 2017). The underperformers in the company are immediately fired and this has created a fear among the employees. The employees in the organization have become de motivated and it has affected their personal lives. The true potential of lot of employees cannot be discovered due to this method and there are lot of employees who quit. There is no bonding among the various and the company has developed a sense of animosity among the employees. Changes in leadership style The leadership style of the company has to be changed otherwise the company may lose its sustainability. The company is able to acquire new employees because of their good reputation in the market but eventually no one will join the company as an employee. The leadership style company should adapt to is the democratic type of leadership and stopping this purposeful Darwinism (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). The employees in an organization are assets to the organization and they should be motivated so that they can improve the productivity of the company. However, the company has failed to do so and the employees in the organization are not at all pleased with what they are going through at the current period. Many researchers for using such practices so the best leadership style for the company is democratic form of leadership have criticized the company. The employees should be free to speak and give new ideas to the higher ups; this will help the company to attain sense of belonging within the organization (Skogstad et al. 2014). The employees will regain their motivation level and will be more productive. The company should be more focused on innovation and creating a team which can work together. The inputs taken from various employees will help the company to improve their business model and gain a competitive advantage in the market. This method is very needed to maintain the sustainability in the organization. Moreover, the company will have to make sure that the higher ups are easily accessible by the lower level of employees so that they can understand the goals and objectives of the organization (Furr and Dyer 2014). Conclusion thus, after the evaluation of the leadership system of both the companies it can be identified that even though both of them are unique in nature they have been able to grab a large of share in the market. However, one type of leadership is not enough to mitigate all the problems in the organization and both the companies will have to be flexible so that they can solve all the problems. Apple Inc. does not need much of a change but there are lot of problems emerging in Amazon. The company will have to mitigate all the problems unless it will be difficult for the company maintain their sustainability. The modern industry is changing rapidly and so the human resource management system of a company will have to be changed accordingly. This will help the company to cope with the changes in the industry, The organizational culture of Apple Inc. is dynamic and the company is open to changes so it will not be problem for the company. However, Amazon has been very stringent about the rules a nd regulations followed by the company that may cause a problem later on. Reference Giltinane, C.L., 2013. Leadership styles and theories.Nursing Standard,27(41), pp.35-39. Hendriks, F. and Karsten, N., 2014. Theory of democratic leadership.P.'t Hart R. Rhodes (Eds.), Oxford handbook of political leadership, pp.41-56. Dumdum, U.R., Lowe, K.B. and Avolio, B.J., 2013. A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 39-70). 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